Human Rights in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Rights in Islam - Essay Example The reason for this paper is to investigate the UDHR and contrast it with the specifications of Islam, discovering similitudes and contrasts between the two. This will show that, while most of the articles speak to aspects of Islam, there are various regions in which the UDHR neglects to speak to this strict convention. One of the most evident similitudes between Shariah law and the UDHR is that the two of them contradict separation dependent on race, sexual orientation, language, nationality or religion. The Quran recommends that ‘when the Trumpet is blown, no ties of family relationship will exist between them on that day, nor may they question one another’ (The Quran, 23:101). This basically makes reference to the way that Allah won't separate dependent on these things on day of atonement. The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) is basically an Islamic form of the UDHR, and furthermore incorporates this conclusion as the extremely most significant thing , which proposes that there is a high measure of similarity between the two. Islam itself apparently is a widely inclusive religion, as it supports individuals of all races to change over to the religion, again recommending that the UNDR and Islam are comparative in content in this office. Another component that is basic to both the UNDR and Islam is the emphasis on women’s rights and balance between sexes. For instance, the CDHRI recommends that ladies have ‘equal human dignity’ (Hashimi, 1997) and along these lines ought to be treated just as men are. Islam and the CDHRI likewise both spot accentuation on the way that people both reserve the privilege to pick their own mates paying little heed to race or weight from outside gatherings. The UDHR likewise communicates this, proposing ‘Men and ladies of full age, with no confinement because of race, nationality or religion, reserve the privilege to wed and to establish a family. They are qualified for equiva lent rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution’ (United Nations, 2012, Article 16). The reference to disintegration is likewise significant, as Islam is all around respected for being one of the principal religions to permit ladies the option to separate from their own spouses by decision (Hashimi, 1997). Both Islam and the UDHR place an accentuation on living quality. It appears to be reasonable to the two gatherings to urge expectations for everyday comforts to be the most ideal, as all people reserve the privilege to live neatly and securely. The Quran puts this slant pleasantly, recommending that ‘he who spares an actual existence will be as though he had spared the lives of all humankind’ (The Qur’an, 5:32). There are further statements which bolster the way that Islam is for the conservation of human life, instead of devastating it, and sparing a life is inconceivably significant in the religion. The point of Islam is to guarantee that everybody carries on with a long and glad life (Hashimi, 1997). Additionally, the UDHR recommends, in article 25, that ‘everyone has the privilege to a way of life satisfactory for the wellbeing and prosperity of himself and of his family’ (United Nations, 2012). This is yet more proof for the way that the UDHR and Islam represent a few comparable standards in various issues. There are, nonetheless, various occasions in

Ice Hockey and Highly Effective Tool Essay

All obstinate hockey fans have their own sentiment on if battling ought to or ought not be permitted in hockey. There are loads of various discussions going on the present moment and numerous individuals are getting a state in their opinion of battling, for example, previous Boston Bruins mentor, Don Cherry and NHL chief of hockey activities, Colin Campbell who said that most fans like battling and that correct now it has its place in hockey. Battling is additionally an enormous piece of the game for some forceful players so to remove battling from hockey would to be removing a portion of the players also. Albeit, a few people say that battling sends an unfortunate message to youngsters it really forestalls more wounds then it causes. All things considered, the vast majority imagine that battling is a route for players to discharge their outrage during the game and it even keeps the gifted players out there from getting injured as a result of the masters (warriors). Numerous individuals love to watch the round of hockey either to watch their preferred group play or their preferred player score the extra time victor however the one thing that supports the energy in each fan is a decent strong drop of the gloves between two players. Albeit, battling causes a brief punishment for their activities, it is energizing for the fans and is a profoundly compelling instrument for loads of groups. One of the National Hockey League’s (NHL) greatest and most energizing brawlers of this time is Colton Orr of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Orr and numerous other significant contenders give battling in hockey a whole new importance from taking somebody out to pulling on hair, however whichever way most fans love to watch the energizing sessions between two adversaries. Still right up 'til the present time similarly the same number of energizing battles are happen today similarly as they were the point at which the round of hockey began. Also, if the chiefs removed battling from the National Hockey League they would be facing the challenge of losing a significant level of the US showcase. This would be a gigantic issue in light of the fact that there is a larger part of individuals in the US who watch hockey and love it when a battle breaks out. This is a substantiates certainty in light of the fact that for instance, the Philadelphia Flyers and Boston Bruins have gained notoriety for being two of the most unpleasant, hardest groups out there. Along these lines, if battling somehow managed to be taken out the NHL would likewise lose Boston and Philadelphia advertise which as of now is gigantic. If that somehow managed to happen they would lose a high lion's share of their ticket deals making them even shut down sooner or later. Thirdly, removing battling totally from hockey truly won’t take care of any issues for anybody; in actuality it will most likely exacerbate it even. By taking out battling this will admirable motivation dirtier plays, for example, slew balance, cutting, skewering, snaring and a lot more types of unpleasant play which will make the eliminators of quarreling reconsider over what they had done. Too, if more types of harsh play started working its way into the group that could cause more wounds at that point battling ever did alone. Be that as it may, if they somehow managed to remove from out of hockey wouldn’t it be reasonable for take out a wide range of contact also, yet then what sort of game would we be left with? What's more, I thought Canadians should be the intense ones. At last, numerous individuals are stating battling can’t be removed from hockey on the grounds that for certain groups starting a ruckus is an unmistakable advantage for them. Battling for certain groups can be an exceptionally powerful instrument for them when utilized right however. In the event that, done right this can be extremely powerful to scare a player and cause him to do imbecilic plays. For instance, on the off chance that you can get under a rivals skin and into his head they will be progressively centered around you then any piece of the game and this can make them surrender the puck and afterward there mentor could make them miss a portion of the game. Or on the other hand on the off chance that one of your players gets injured because of a success and you follow them it shows your willing can go to bat for them and that they can’t meddle with your group.

How Do You Let Go

How Do You Let Go In this video, The Minimalists end Season 2 of Livingroom Conversations by answering, in detail, minimalisms fundamental question: How do you let go? You can watch both seasons of Livingroom Conversations, and ask questions for future episodes, on YouTube. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

E Commerce Business At The Golfing Industry, While Being...

As an intern the following assignment was proposed as a means of establishing an E-Commerce business in the golfing industry, while being cost effective for the client. Project Assignment: Harrison Kirby, the owner of a small golf shop, has asked to have a report provided on moving his golf shop to an e-commerce interface that is user friendly, easy to manage, will provide online sales with payment options, tee-time scheduling with group play, inventory selection of 150 items with in-store pick-up or delivery (Rainer, R. K., Prince, B., Cegielski, C. G., 2014). Finding the right tools available on the web to meet Mr. Kirby’s needs proved to be quite a challenge; however, the following profiles are the companies that will best suit Mr.†¦show more content†¦The Developer option also integrates a security feature that will keep customer and business information in a secure manner. WordPress and GoDaddy.com offer small businesses the ability to optimize their Search Engine Optimization (SEO), as well as social media integration through FaceBook, Twitter, Google+, and YouTube (WordPress. GoDaddy.com, 2016). ï  ¶ Customer Relationship Management The tool best suited to meet Mr. Kirby’s needs is Zendesk. This CRM database has many features that will integrate with the web host agent as well as offers data security for customer information. The cost of maintenance range from $5 monthly when billed on an annual basis, for minimum service features, while the Enterprise service is $99 monthly when billed on an annual basis. The option best suited for the golf shop is the Professional, which is $59 a month, or $49 monthly when billed on an annual basis. The Professional offers multilingual content, customer surveys, in addition to the services offered in the Essential and Team tier plans available for small business’ (Zendesk, Customer Relationship Management, 2016). ï  ¶ Logistics The best available option the will work with the web host and sales applications would be FedEx (FedEx, Small Business Center, 2016). After looking through the small business options FedEx offers its clients, the tools available will allow for ease of shipment, multiple choicesShow MoreRelatedDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 Pagesvirginia.edu EDUCATION Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Candidate for Master of Business Administration, May 2011 ï‚ · Awarded Batten Innovation Scholarship (merit-based full tuition scholarship); ï‚ · GMAT: 730; AWA: 5.5 ï‚ · Member of Finance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA Nanyang Technological University Singapore Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering) and Minor in Business, June 2006 ï‚ · Awarded full scholarship (amongRead MoreSuccessful Start-Ups Key Success Factors37688 Words   |  151 Pages7 7 7 2 METHOD 9 9 10 10 11 12 13 13 17 2.1 My Research and Approach 2.2 Critics of the my approach 2.3 Collection of the Data 2.4 Can my result be used? 2.5 Reliability and Validity of the sources 2.6 Theoretical Framework 2.6.1 The business Platform 2.6.2 Keywords 3 TWO SUCCESSFUL START-UPS – CASES STUDY 21 21 21 23 25 26 31 33 33 34 35 36 36 38 39 41 42 46 48 49 50 3.1 Case 1 – Kreatel AB 3.1.1 Company Presentation 3.1.2 Idea Formulation Clarification 3.1.3 DevelopmentRead MoreKellogg Case Book36421 Words   |  146 Pages... 166 Appendix E: Typical Fit Interview Questions ............................................................................ 168 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book 1 I. Introduction Overview Welcome to the 2004 Kellogg Consulting Club Case Book, otherwise known as â€Å"Get Off Of My Case, Version 2.0.† This book is intended to be a resource for members of the Kellogg School of Management Class of 2005 as they look for summer internships in the consulting industry (as well as for generalRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreDesigning a Customer Driven Statergy23698 Words   |  95 Pageschapter, you should be able to 1. define the four major steps in designing a customer-driven market strategy: market segmentation, market targeting, differentiation, and positioning 2. list and discuss the major bases for segmenting consumer and business markets 3. explain how companies identify attractive market segments and choose a market targeting strategy 4. discuss how companies position their products for maximum competitive advantage in the marketplace 183 184 Part 3 Designing a

Salario mínimo 2019 y 2020 federal, estados en EE.UU.

En Estados Unidos, el gobierno federal fija el monto del salario mà ­nimo, asà ­ como las categorà ­as de trabajadores que pueden cobrar una cantidad inferior a ese sueldo. Ademà ¡s, estados, ciudades y condados pueden exigir a las empresas que operan en sus territorios que paguen un sueldo mà ­nimo superior al federal. Y es que la empresa està ¡ obligada a pagar a sus trabajadores el salario mà ­nimo mà ¡s alto que aplique. Por ejemplo, si opera en una ciudad con salario mà ­nimo de $15,00/hora en un estado que fija un sueldo base de $12, la empresa debe pagar el de fijado por las ordenanzas de la ciudad, por ser mà ¡s alto. Salario mà ­nimo El gobierno federal fija el salario mà ­nimo por hora, y tambià ©n sus excepciones (trabajadores que reciben propinas, aprendices, etc.)29 estados han establecido un salario mà ­nimo superior al federal y que aplica obligatoriamente dentro de sus territorios.44 ciudades y condados han elevado los salarios mà ­nimos que aplican en sus territorios por encima de los mà ­nimos fijados por el gobierno federal y sus estados. Salario mà ­nimo federal en 2019 y 2020 en Estados Unidos En Estados Unidos el Congreso de EE.UU. fija un salario mà ­nimo segà ºn la Ley de Està ¡ndares Laborales Justos, conocida como FLSA por sus siglas en inglà ©s. El establecimiento de un sueldo bà ¡sico fue establecido por primera vez en 1938 durante el gobierno de Franklin Delano Roosevelt y se fijà ³ en 25 cà ©ntimos por hora. Ese mismo aà ±o se establecià ³ que, salvo excepciones fijadas por la ley, todo el trabajo que supere las 40 horas a la semana debe ser pagado a la razà ³n de una hora y media por hora extra. En la actualidad, y desde el 24 de julio de 2009 el salario mà ­nimo que fija el gobierno federal para todo el paà ­s es de $7,25 por hora, excepto para los trabajadores exentos, que pueden cobrar menos. Sin embargo, en cumplimiento de la Orden Ejecutiva 13658 los trabajadores que realicen labores relacionadas o en conexià ³n con un contrato federal deben cobrar un sueldo mà ­nimo superior. En 2019 es de $10,35 por hora y a partir del 1 de enero de 2020 sube a $10,80/hora. Ademà ¡s, comenzando el mismo dà ­a, los trabajadores que reciben propinas y està ¡n cubiertos o conectados con un contrato federal deben cobrar un mà ­nimo de salario en dinero de $7,55/hora. Salario mà ­nimo federal $7,25: salario mà ­nimo federal$7,55: Salario mà ­nimo para personas con contratos federales que reciben propinas$10,35 (2019) / $10,80 (2020): salario mà ­nimo para trabajadores con contratos federales o conectados al gobierno federal sin propinas Salario mà ­nimo en 2020 en los 50 estados de EE.UU., Distrito de Columbia (D.C.), Puerto Rico y otros territorios Segà ºn el Economic Policy Institute un total de 29 estados exigen el pago de un salario salario mà ­nimo superior al de $7,25/hora fijado por las leyes federales. Estos son los datos por hora desglosados por estados: Alabama:  $7,25  (salario mà ­nimo federal, no mà ­nimo estatal)Alaska:  $10,19Arizona:  $12,00Arkansas:  $10,00California:  $13,00  (empresas con 25 empleados o menos tienen un aà ±o para cumplir)Colorado:  $12,00Connecticut:  $11,00  ($12.00 Septiembre 2020)Delaware:  $9,25District of Columbia:  $15,00Florida:  $8,56Georgia:$7,25  ($5,15  si no està ¡ cubierto por reglas federales)Guam:  $8,75  (Marzo 2020). Este es un territorio de EE.UU.Hawaii: $10,10  Idaho:  $7,25Illinois:  $9,25  Indiana:  $7,25Iowa:  $7,25  Kansas:  $7,25Kentucky:  $7,25Louisiana:  $7,25  Maine: $12,00  Maryland:  $11,00  Massachusetts:  $12,75Michigan:  $9,65Minnesota:  $10,00, ($8,5 pequeà ±as empresas con menos de 50k en ventas anuales)Mississippi:  $7,25  (salario mà ­nimo federal, no mà ­nimo estatal)Missouri:  $9,45Montana:  $8,65 ($4,00 para negocios con rentas anuales brutas de $110.000 o menos)Nebraska:  $9,00Nevada: $9,00  (Julio 2020)  New Hampshire:  $7,25  New Jersey:  $11,00New Mexico:  $9,00New York:  $11,80North Carolina:  $7,25  North Dakota:  $7,25Ohio:  $8,70Oklahoma:  $7,25Oregon:  $12,00  (Julio 2020)Pennsylvania:  $7,25Puerto Rico: $6,55  ($7.25 Trabajadores cubiertos por la Ley Federal de Està ¡ndar Laboral Justo (FLSA))Rhode Island:  $10,50  South Carolina:  $7,25  South Dakota:  $9,30Tennessee:  $7,25  Texas:  $7,25Utah:  $7,25Vermont:$10,96U.S. Virgin  Islands: $10,50. Territorio de EE.UU.Virginia:  $7,25Washington:  $13,50West  Virginia:  $8,75Wisconsin:  $7,25Wyoming: $7,25 Washington tiene el salario mà ­nimo estatal mà ¡s alto en 2020: $13,50 Salario mà ­nimo 2019 en los  50 estados, DC y Puerto Rico   En ocasiones se hace referencia a incrementos segà ºn CPI. Esas son las iniciales en inglà ©s del Indice de Precio al Consumo y significa en este contexto que los salarios suben automà ¡ticamente en una fecha determinada segà ºn el incremento de ese à ­ndice. Alabama: $7,25Alaska:  $9,89. Se incrementa anualmente de acuerdo en el CPIArizona: $11,00Arkansas: $9,25California: $12,00. (Empresas con mà ¡s de 26 empleados. $11 para las que tienen menos)Carolina del Norte: $7,25Carolina del Sur: $7,25Colorado: $11,10Connecticut: $10,10Dakota del Norte: $7,25Dakota del Sur: $9,10Delaware: $9,25 con fecha 1 octubre 2019Distrito Columbia (Washington D.C.): $14,00Florida: $8,46Georgia: $7,25. Trabajadores excluidos protecciones federales: $5,15Guam: $8,25 (territorio de EE.UU.)Hawà ¡i: $10,10Idaho: $7,25Illinois: $8,25Indiana: $7,25Iowa: $7,25Kansas: $7,25Kentucky: $7,25. Trabajadores laborando para el estado, $10,10Luisiana: $7,25Maine: $11,00Maryland: $10,10Massachusetts: $12,00Michigan: $9,45Minnesota: grandes empresas, $9,86 y las pequeà ±as, $8,04Misisipi: $7,25Misuri: $8,60Montana: $8,50. $4 en empresas con menos de $110.000 ventas brutas.Nebraska: $9,00Nevada: $8,25Nuevo Hampshire: $7,25Nueva Jersey: $8,85Nuevo Mà ©xico: $7,50Nueva Yor k:  $11,10Ohio: $8,55Oklahoma: $7,25Oregà ³n: $11,25Pensilvania: $7,25Puerto Rico: $7,25 (trabajadores protegidos por Federal Fair Labor Standards Act)Rhode Island: $10,50Tennessee: $7,25Texas: $7,25Utah: $7,25Vermont: $10,78Islas Và ­rgenes: $10,50 (territorio de EE.UU.).Virginia: $7,25Virginia Occidental: $8,75Washington: $12,00Wisconsin: $7,25Wyoming: $7,25 ($5,15, si no aplican regulaciones federales) Condados y ciudades con salarios mà ­nimos: 2019 y 2020 Segà ºn el Economic Policy Institute, en Estados Unidos 44 condados y municipios tienen salarios mà ­nimos superiores a los exigidos por las leyes federales o por las del estado en el que se encuentran. Son los siguientes: Alameda (CA) 2019: $13,50A partir 1 julio 2020: $15,00 Albuquerque (NM) $9.20. Menor para cuidadores Belmont (CA) 2019: $13,502020: $15 Berkeley (CA) 2019: $15,59A partir 1 julio de 2020: $15,59 mà ¡s CPI Bernalillo County (NM) 2019: $9,052020: $9,20 Birmingham (AL) $10,10, pero no aplica. Pendiente resolucià ³n en corte. Chicago (IL) 2019: $13,00A partir 1 julio 2020: $13,00 mà ¡s incremento CPI Cook County (IL) 2919: $12,001 julio 2020: $13,00 Cupertino (CA) 2019: $15,002020: $15,35 El Cerrito (CA) 2019: $15,002020: $15,37 Emeryville (CA) $16,20, con situacià ³n de pausa para restaurantes pequeà ±os e independientes. Flagstaff (AZ) 2019: $11,002020: $12,00 Fremont (CA) 2019, empresas con 26 empleados o mà ¡s: $13,50A partir 1 julio 2020, empresas con 25 trabajadores o menos: $13,50. Empresas con mà ¡s: $15,00. Las Cruces (NM) 2019: $10,102020: $10,25 Los Altos (CA) 2019: $15,002020: $15,40 Los Angeles City (CA) 2019: $13,25 para empresas con 25 trabajadores o menos y $14,25, con 26 trabajadores o mà ¡sA partir del 1 de julio de 2020, empresas con 25 trabajadores o menos: $14,25 y con mà ¡s: $15,00 Los Angeles County (CA) Lo mismo que en Los Angeles City. Malibu (CA) 2019: $14,25.A partir 1 julio 2020: $15,00 Milpitas (CA) 2019: $15,002020: incrementarà ¡ el CPI cada 1 de julio. Minneapolis (MN) 2019: $8,04 pequeà ±as empresas, $9,86 empresas grandes2020: $10,00 grandes empresas y $8,15 para pequeà ±as. Montgomery County (MD) 2019: $12,50 empresas con 50 empleados o menos, $13,00 empresas con mà ¡s.A partir del 1 de julio de 2020, pequeà ±as empresas: $13,00, medianas empresas: $13,25 y empresas grandes: $14,00. Mountainview (CA) 2019: $15,65.2020: $16,05 Nassau, Suffolk y Westchester counties (NY) 2019: $12,002020: $13,00 Nueva York Ciudad (NY) 2019: $15,00 empresas de 11 trabajadores o mà ¡s, $13,50 para el resto.2020: $15,00 para todas Resto estado Nueva York 2019: $11,10.2020: $11,80. Oakland (CA) 2019: $14,25A partir 1 julio 2020: $15,00 Palo Alto (CA) 2019: $15,002020: $15,40 Pasadena (CA) 2019: $13,25 empresas pequeà ±as y $14,25 para el restoA partir 1 julio 2020: $14,25 para pequeà ±as empresas y $15,00 para las grandes. Portland Metro (OR) 2019: $12,50A partir 1 julio 2020: $13,25. Portland (ME) $11,11 Prince Georges Country (MD) $11,50 Richmond (CA) $15,00 San Diego (CA) 2019: $12,002020: $13,00 San Francisco (CA) 2019: $15,591 de julio de 2020 incrementarà ¡ segà ºn el CPI. Santa Fe (AZ) 2019: $11,80.2020: se incrementa con CPI Santa Monica (CA) 2019: $14,25 empresas de menos de 26 trabajadores, $13, 25 empresas con mà ¡s. Trabajadores de hoteles, mismo salario que en Los Angeles.1 de julio 2020: $15,00. Empresas con menos de 25 trabajadores y ONGs tiene un aà ±o mà ¡s para ajustarse a esa cifra. Seatac (WA) 2019: $16,09.2020: $16,34 Seattle (WA) 2019: $16,00 para empresas de 501 trabajadores o mà ¡s. $15,00 para empresas mà ¡s pequeà ±as para trabajadores sin beneficios mà ©dicos ni propinas. $12,00 para el resto.2020. $16,00 para grandes empresas, $15,75 para resto sin beneficios mà ©dicos ni propinas y $13,50 para resto. Sunnyvale (CA) 2019: $15,652020: $16,05 Tacoma (WA) 2019: $12,35.2020: ajuste de acuerdo al incremento del CPI. Cabe destacar que frecuentemente quedan excluidos de esos salarios mà ­nimos los trabajadores que reciben propinas o trabajan en el sector de la comida rà ¡pida. Asimismo, cabe resaltar que la mayorà ­a de las ciudades y condados que incrementan sus salarios mà ­nimos lo hacen el primer dà ­a del aà ±o. Cuando no es asà ­, se especifica que el cambio se produce a partir del 1 de julio, cuando lo realizan muchas entidades. Sin embargo, hay excepciones. Por ejemplo, Flagstaff cambia en marzo y Nueva York el 31 de diciembre. Finalmente, algunas ciudades y condados unen el monto del incremento de su salario mà ­nimo al Indice de Precios al Consumo, conocido por sus siglas en inglà ©s CPI, que fija todos los aà ±os el Bureau de Estadà ­sticas de Trabajo. Seatac es la ciudad con salario mà ­nimo mà ¡s alto en 2020: $16,35/hora. Empresas con salario mà ­nimo Algunas empresas han establecido salario mà ­nimo por hora para sus trabajadores, por ejemplo: Amazon: $15,00Bank of America: $17,00Cotsco: $15,50Ben Jerrys: $16,92JP Morgan Chase: $15,00. Para trabajadores en Chicago, Detroit y Wilmington: $16,50. Para trabajadores en NYC y San Francisco: $18.Facebook: $15, aumentando a $18 en à ¡reas caras como Washington D.C., Nueva York o San Francisco y pagando a sus empleados en la sede de Seattle un mà ­nimo de $18,00/hora.Whole Food Markets: $15,00Huntington National Bank: $18Walmart: $11,00Target: fijado en $15 para final de 2020 Los cruceros suelen pagar salarios por encima del salario mà ­nimo, tanto a trabajadores estadounidenses como a extranjeros con visa C1/D. Excepciones a la regla general del salario mà ­nimo Leyes federales establecen las situaciones en las que se permite pagar al trabajador  un sueldo inferior al salario mà ­nimo federal. Por ejemplo, empleos con propinas (tips). Otra excepcià ³n a las leyes del salario mà ­nimo son los jà ³venes menores de 20 aà ±os. Durante las primeras 90 horas trabajadas en un empleo el salario mà ­nimo es de $4,25 por hora. Tampoco aplica el mà ­nimo federal a estudiantes a tiempo completo, incluidos los internacionales,  que durante sus estudios trabajan para una universidad, college, tienda o en el sector servicios dentro del Full-Student Program. Cobran el 85 por ciento del salario mà ­nimo. Finalmente, tambià ©n està ¡n excluidos: aprendices, que deben cobrar, al menos, el 75 por ciento del salario mà ­nimoempleados con ciertas discapacidades  (disabilities)babysitter en situaciones de horas sueltasacompaà ±antes de personas ancianasempleados en granjas pequeà ±asrepartidores de perià ³dicosempleados de ferias y atraccionestrabajadores en el sector de la pesca Sueldo bà ¡sico federal y por estados de los meseros que cobran propinas Segà ºn la ley federal, el sueldo bà ¡sico de los meseros que cobran propinas es $2,13 por hora. Sin embargo, si entre lo que cobran por propinas y salario no llega a $7,25 por hora en una semana, el empresario deberà ¡ compensar al trabajador por la diferencia. Por ejemplo, si un dà ­a hay muy poco trabajo porque hay una nevada muy grande y a consecuencia de ello un mesero atiende en un turno de 8 horas solamente una mesa y recibe una propina de $10 en toda la noche, debe hacerse un cà ¡lculo para ese turno y el patrà ³n debe aportar dinero hasta completar el mà ­nimo por hora para ese turno. Ademà ¡s, los que realizan trabajos que reciben propinas y que està ¡n relacionados con contratos federales deben cobrar en efectivo el salario mà ­nimo de $7,55/hora en 2020. Asimismo, hay estados que establecen su propio mà ­nimo para trabajadores con propinas –tipped minimum wage, en inglà ©s. Por ejemplo: California: Menos de 25 empleados: $11Mà ¡s de 25 empleados: $12 Colorado: Salario mà ­nimo: $8,08 para un mà ­nimo de $11,20/hora incluyendo propinas Florida Salario mà ­nimo pagado: $5,44 para un mà ­nimo de $8,46/hora, incluidas propinas. Illinois Salario mà ­nimo pagado: $4,95, para un mà ­nimo de $8,25 incluyendo propinas Nueva Jersey Salario mà ­nimo pagado: $2,63 para un mà ­nimo de $10,00/hora incluyendo propinas Nueva York En la industria de la comida rà ¡pida, los trabajadores deben ser pagados en 2020 $15 la hora en NYC y $13,75 en el resto del estado. Texas y Virginia Salario mà ­nimo pagado: $2,13, para un mà ­nimo con propinas de $7,25/hora Segà ºn una sentencia de la Corte Suprema de 1942 y una modificacià ³n de la Ley de Està ¡ndares Laborales de 2012, todas las propinas pertenecen al trabajador que las recibe, no estando obligado a compartirlas ni con otros empleados ni con el patrà ³n. Por otro lado, debe pagarse impuestos por las propinas y el empleador està ¡ obligado a reportarlas en el W-2, para ello el empleado debe haber completado el formulario I-9 para trabajar. La empresa debe, asimismo, colaborar en el pago de impuestos FICA (Medicare y Seguro Social). Quà © hacer si la empresa no paga el salario mà ­nimo Se puede llamar al 1-866-487-9243 o contactar con la pà ¡gina de la agencia del gobierno federal encargada de implementar estas leyes.   Este servicio es confidencial y gratuito. Pueden utilizarlo no sà ³lo los trabajadores legales sino tambià ©n los indocumentados. En todo caso, teniendo en cuenta la situacià ³n delicada actual de los migrantes en esa situacià ³n migratoria es aconsejable contactar con un abogado o con una asociacià ³n de apoyo a migrantes con conocimiento de las leyes laborales.  ¿Es suficiente el salario mà ­nimo para vivir en EE.UU.? No hay una à ºnica respuesta ya que depende, entre otros factores, del tamaà ±o del hogar familiar, de cuà ¡ntos sueldos ingresan, de si hay personas enfermas, de si se tiene opcià ³n a recibir seguro mà ©dico en el trabajo y, tambià ©n, cuà ¡n asequible es la ciudad en la que se reside. Muchos de estos trabajadores, a pesar de trabajar a tiempo completo, necesitan apoyarse en beneficios sociales como, por ejemplo, Medicaid, un programa de asistencia mà ©dica, CHIP para nià ±os, cupones de alimentos, o los voucher de la Seccià ³n 8 de ayuda para el pago del alquiler. Los migrantes, aà ºn cuando sean residentes permanentes legales, deben asegurase de que cumplen todos los requisitos legales para, en primer lugar, recibir beneficios pà ºblicos. Efectos migratorios de cobrar salario mà ­nimo: la carga pà ºblica Ganar el salario mà ­nimo en EE.UU. podrà ­a ser problemà ¡tico para pedir los papeles de la residencia para familiares segà ºn las nuevas reglas de carga pà ºblica que quiere aplicar el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump. Esta nueva medida deberà ­a haber entrado en vigor el 15 de octubre de 2019, sin embargo, cortes federales han paralizado su aplicacià ³n dentro de EE.UU. por parte de USCIS y DHS a la espera de otras resoluciones judiciales, que serà ¡n las que determinen si se pueden aplicar las nuevas normas de carga pà ºblica y quà © beneficios pà ºblicos pueden afectar a la obtencià ³n de la residencia. Sin embargo, esta regla de carga pà ºblica sà ­ puede ser aplicada por el Departamento de Estado en sus consulados y embajadas desde 15 de octubre de 2019 cuando, entre otras labores, tramitan las visas de inmigrante. Fuentes: â€Å"Establishing a Minimum Wage for Contractors, Notice of Rate Change in Effect as of January 1, 2020.†Ã‚  Federal Register, 19 Sept. 2019, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/09/19/2019-19673/establishing-a-minimum-wage-for-contractors-notice-of-rate-change-in-effect-as-of-january-1-2020.â€Å"Minimum Wage.†Ã‚  U.S. Department of Labor, https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage.â€Å"The Free Online Labor Law Resource.†Ã‚  Federal and State Minimum Wage Rates for 2019, https://www.minimum-wage.org/ Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

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